Carnatic music is based as it is today on musical concepts (including swara, raga, and tala) that were described in detail in several ancient works, particularly the Silappadhikaram, and Bharata's Natya Shastra. The Yajnavalkya Smriti mentions vīṇāvādana tattvajñaḥ śrutijātiviśāradaḥ tālajñaścāprayāsena mokṣamārgaṃ niyacchati ("The one who is well versed in veena, one who has the knowledge of srutis and one who is adept in tala, attains salvation without doubt"). References to Indian classical music are made in many ancient texts, including epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The Yajur-Veda, which mainly consists of sacrificial formulae, mentions the veena as an accompaniment to vocal recitations. The Sama Veda, which is believed to have laid the foundation for Indian classical music, consists of hymns from the Rigveda, set to musical tunes which would be sung using three to seven musical notes during Vedic yajnas. Carnatic music festivals take place in many South Indian Cities such as Chennai., Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram, Ī portrait of Purandara Daasa - Father of Carnatic MusicĪncient treatises describe the connection of the origin of the swaras, or notes, to the sounds of animals and birds and man's effort to simulate these sounds through a keen sense of observation and perception. Other typical instruments used in performances may include the ghatam, kanjira, morsing, veena & flute. Although improvisation plays an important role, Carnatic music is mainly sung through compositions, especially the kriti (or kirtanam), a form developed between the 16th and 20th centuries by composers such as Purandara Dasa and the Trinity of Carnatic music.Ĭarnatic music is usually performed by a small ensemble of musicians, consisting of a principal performer (usually a vocalist), a melodic accompaniment (usually a violin), a rhythm accompaniment (usually a mridangam), and a tambura, which acts as a drone throughout the performance. In contrast to Hindustani music, the main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in gāyaki (singing) style.Īlthough there are stylistic differences, the basic elements of śruti (the relative musical pitch), swara (the musical sound of a single note), rāga (the mode or melodic formulæ), and tala (the rhythmic cycles) form the foundation of improvisation and composition in both Carnatic and Hindustani music. It is one of two main sub-genres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions the other sub-genre being Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian and Islamic influences in North India. Carnatic music ( Sanskrit: कर्नाटक संगीत Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ ಸಂಗೀತ) is a system of music commonly associated with the southern part of the Indian subcontinent, with its area roughly confined to four modern states of India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
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